PT Bukit AsamTbk is one of the coal mining companies in Indonesia that uses an open pit mining system. Demolition of B2C overburden rocks at the location of electrification mining in Pit 2 Banko ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The panel was 207 m wide and 1932 m long. The lower 35 coal seam dips at 1° to 4° with a thickness of 18 m. The completed adjoining 8105 panel was separated by 38 m wide chain pillar. The longwall top coal caving (LTCC) method was employed with m mining height. The average depth of the coal seam was 450 m.
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WhatsApp: +86 18838072829• Trench depths of 12' to 20': powder factor = • Trench depths over 20': powder factor = Notes: 1 Trench depth does not include subdrilling; hole depth does. 2 In trenches where the overburden is not removed, the overburden is included in the cubic yard calculations.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829In this light the present study was conducted in opencast coal mines to see the effect of Schmidt hammer rebound number or transformed compressive strength of rocks on powder factor. The correlation was found sufficiently reliable to enable the determination of optimum powder factor for surface bench blast in different rock types maintaining ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The results are plotted graphically and are shown in : Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock vs Powder factor (PF) It is evident from the figure 7 that the powder factor is increases as the uniaxial compressive strength of rock is increases. Increase in UCS means rock mass is strong which requires more explosive energy to break.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in cru shed . ... blasts of coal overly ing overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22. The . general trend shows tha t, ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The correlation was found sufficiently reliable to enable the determination of an optimum powder factor for surface bench blast in different rock types, maintaining the required blasting...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829PT Pacific Global Utama is a company engaged in the coal mining industry. ... plane orientation adalah dip out of face dengan nilai powder factor 0,118 kg/m3. ... material overburden yaitu ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Please give me a detailed explanation answer. An overburden of shale will be removed using 200mm holes and 12m benches. Dry rock conditions are anticipated, and the decision is to use bulk ANFO with emulsion cartridges as a primer. The density of compacted ANFO is g/cm3, and the PF (powder factor) is expected to be not less than kg/m3.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Powder factor: Mass of explosives used per BCM rock blasted. Softs: Material that can be free dig or can be remove by mechanical means without the use of chemical energy. Hards: Material that requires chemical energy to break in order for it to be ... The costeffectiveness of removing overburden from the underlying coal seams ("overburden ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The POWDER FACTOR is a relationship between how much rock is broken and how much explosive is used to break it. It can serve a variety of purposes, such as an indicator of how hard the rock is, or the cost of the explosives needed, or even as a guide to planning a shot.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829One way of overburden dismantling in Pit 2 Banko Barat's by drilling and blasting methods. Blasting at PT. Bukit Asam uses actual blasting geometry on average that's used in diameter 200,03 mm, burden 6,0 m, space 7,0 m, stemming 4,8 m, depth of explosive hole 7,0 m, and column height 2,18 m with powder factor 0,12 kg/bcm.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829blasting process measures like the powder factor, the charge length, the amount of explosives used per charge (blast) will be considered and the overburden fragment size will be determined to improve productivity and cost. ... overburden removal. Coal mining processes (in sequence) Top soil removal
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Overburden at a coal mining site. In mining, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area that lends itself to economical exploitation, such as the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body. Overburden is distinct from tailings, the material that remains after economically valuable components have been extracted from the generally ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829This paper presents an investigation on the interactions of overburden failure zones induced by the mining of adjacent coal seams using the longwall caving method. Overburden failure is an important factor in safety assessments in the fields of mining engineering geology and safety geology, especially when mining under water bodies. In this study, the influence of the thickness and properties ...
WhatsApp: +86 188380728292. u0007For hole firing instantaneously along a row, the KS should be equal to 2; 3. u0007For holes firing on a delay, the KS should be between and and typically between and This is because the blasting is fourdimensional, as timing is a crucial part of the design.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829To overcome the difficulties of overburden failure and surface subsidence induced by the slicing mining of extrathick coal seams, slicing filler paste is typically utilized. In this paper, a continuous curved beam mechanical model of paste filling mining was established by theoretical analysis against the background of the 3305 working face of Yangcheng Coal Mine, the main controlling factors ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The general physical factors causally related to the environmental effects of surface coal mining are climate, topography, overburden, coal, hydrology, and land use. Each factor is described by a series of parameters, and each parameter may have several possible values. These parameters and possible values are shown in Table
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829thickness of overburden coal seam thickness ground control surface protection requirements • Entry and crosscut widths generally range from 15 to 25 feet • Pillar sizes will generally range from 30 to 100 feet and have a rectangular configuration • Extraction Ratio is the ratio of coal removed compared to estimated in ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Overburden removal is a major activity of surface coal mining and accounts for over 6070% of the costs. Cast blasting is integral to overburden removal using draglines.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The Cenozoicage Makum coal from northeastern India offers numerous research opportunities because of its diverse geochemical and geological characteristics. Due to its high sulfur content, the coal has been found to be less useful for industrial purposes. It can, however, serve as a hub for ongoing research on coalbased derivative products. The aim of this research work is to investigate the ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Overburden Stripping Overburden powder factor (kg/m3) 0,46 0,50 0,53 0,59 ratio thickness (BCWROM ton) 2,19 2,45 (m) 33 10,4 70 45 1. Coal seams dipping on average 420. 2. Number of individually blasted benches within overburden. The Queensland and NSW coal mines appear to have the most difficult mining conditions
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Powder Factor Powder factor (PF) dapat didefinisikan sebagai jumlah bahan peledak yang digunakan dibagi dengan volume hasil ledakan dalam satuan kg/ton atau kg/m3. Definisi lain dari powder factor adalah rasio volume ledakan dengan jumlah bahan peledak yang
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Coal dumps are also an important factor in the environmental degradation because the potentially toxic elements are directly released to the environment through the leaching and oxidation of pyrite. ... and overburden samples (LOB15A, LOB15B) (dump sites) were collected from the Ledo colliery (India). The coal and overburden samples were ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829In this light the present study was conducted in opencast coal mines to see the effect of Schmidt ... Powder factor, Schmidt hammer, Rebound number, Rock mass, Overburden bench *** 1. INTRODUCTION Rock mass comprises several different rock types and is affected by different degrees of fracturing in varying stress ...
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